The Impact Of Evidence Based Nursing Practice On Patient Care

Criteria and process used for evidence-based nursing practice, and the impact of evidence-based nursing practice on patient care. The act of nursing practice requires the application of competent evidenced based practice (EBP) nursing care, supported by current research and theory development. Through the critical analysis and evaluation of studies, nurse leaders evaluate the components of research for its effective use in the daily practice of nursing. Moreover, this allows nurses to remain current with recommendations for patient care practices (Grove, Gray, Burns, 2015). The Alzheimer-Europe organization in 2009 compared the different types of research that impact patient care and are involved in the development of EBP. The organization compared a top down and bottom up approach to differentiate the methods used for research. However, recognizing each method impacts nursing practice and patient care. The use of the nursing research method of Outcomes research starts with a sample, then predict what might occur. The exact data indicators, look at what occurred or the end results in programs, practice, or pa tient care strategies (Alzheimer-Europe.org, 2009). This approach can inform thoughts about research and the process of forming conclusions or theories about the practice of nursing (Grove, Gray, Burns, 2015). While qualitative and quantitative research, begins with a defined population and then develops a research sample. This top down approach for quantitativeShow MoreRelatedIs Nursing an Art or Science1576 Words   |  7 Pages Is Nursing an Art or Science, or Both? NUR 1214 Abstract Nursing is defined and referred to as both an art and a science through theory and research in nursing practice. 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Why Fathers Should Be A Family Policy - 1459 Words

1.A. Fathers should be as equally engaged in parenting as much as mothers are typically expected. Policies Promoting Fatherhood, are centered on making parenting and childrearing equal for both the father and the mother. According to Bogenschneider’s definition of â€Å"family policy†, is a government role that â€Å"aims to protect, promote and strengthen families through functions such as childrearing and childcare. The family policy is meant to be a broad definition; to include things like defense policy, economic edicts or pollution controls are all counted in the definition of family policy (Bogenschneider, 2014). While the definition could be open-ended, promoting Fatherhood or Co-Parenting would qualify as a true family policy because it†¦show more content†¦The idea of â€Å"true paradox† is evident but is not always self-evident. According to Bogenschneider, it is easy to be persuaded towards one side or the other. True paradox can be addressed on more than one way, â€Å"pushing in the ignored direction, or simultaneously two opposing, yet valid, policy goals† (Bogenschneider, 2014). This is especially true when asking for both parents to share in childrearing and childcare. Sometimes, tradition conflicts with equality. Women want to be treated equally in most aspects of their lives while also being thought of in the traditional model as the primary caregiver. Finding balance for equally and also wanting freedom to do as one pleases, can be difficult when deciding who is going to care for the children while the other parent is off doing something she or he wants to do, including work. 1. The FMLA entitles eligible employees of covered employers to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specified and medical reasons. 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for newborns or newly adopted children, or for serious medical problems for both an employee and relatives in a 12-moth period. This act applies to both the father and mother. For example, a father is just as entitled to take leave time to help with caring for a newborn child, as the mother that gave birth. 1. The first limitation is that the federal government could help expand the reach of the Family and Medical Leave, requiring businesses with less then 50

The Benefits and Costs of Two or More Countries Sharing a Common Currency Free Essays

Examine the benefits and costs of two or more countries sharing a common currency, and comment on the impact of the ‘one size fits all’ monetary policy of the Eurozone. Normally, the accumulation of a set of countries accepting a specific common currency is known as a monetary union. This involves the countries becoming part of the same trading bloc and accepting free trade policies between the member countries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits and Costs of Two or More Countries Sharing a Common Currency or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since the focus of the question is centrally revolved around the monetary union, the other aspects of the union will not be considered in detail. Naturally, the prime example to use when discussing the use of a common currency is the European Monetary Union. Launched on January 1st 1999, the union boasts a 16 country agreement to use the same currency- the euro. For countries to merge by a single currency requires the merging countries to meet certain criteria. This obviously brings both benefits and costs to the table. Benefits are associated with higher stability of the union as only those countries that meet the minimum requirements can join. This allows the union to ensure that the countries that join add something to the union and add value to the currency. For example, conditions in the European Monetary Union state entrant countries must have interest rates within 2% of the 3 lowest interest rate countries in the EMU and also have inflation within 1. 5%. This is important because if we take a scenario where the inflation rate is excessively high in a country, then this will affect the value of the currency by devaluing it. This devaluation has clear knock on effects as the devaluation will cause the cost of imports to rise. Domestic consumers will also shy away from domestic consumption as they see the high prices and so they will shift their consumption on consumer durables from other countries. Exports would be heavily affected by this scenario as the foreign countries would see the high prices associated with the importing of the goods and shift their interest into consumption from countries with lower relative price levels. Not only does the high inflation associated with the currency affect consumption but also investment. The unstable level of inflation will deter foreign direct investment and also reduce the net domestic investment as the returns to the investment would have a high risk associated. So obviously having specific criteria that member countries must meet help to ensure stability in the union. The negative associated with having these criteria is the one size fits all policy which will be discussed later. There are many costs and benefits associated with having the same currency. There is a key advantage to consumers and residents in the country of having the same currency. The transaction costs associated with exchanging the currencies is eliminated. This means that if domestic consumers were to travel abroad to countries within the monetary union, the identical currency would enable them to spend abroad without the need to swap currencies. This advantage is more of a social benefit as this would reduce stress to the consumer. This is because the consumer would not be worrying about if their money would arrive on time. Also the excess commission associated with changing the currencies is eliminated. Although again this commission only represents a small amount of GDP the advantage is again a social benefit as the consumer escapes the hassle associated with the exchange of the currency- often quite a stressful factor when planning to travel. There is also a benefit associated with price transparency where if the same good is sold in many of the countries in the monetary union, then it is easy for the consumer to compare prices. This should reduce price discrimination and increase competition. This is a healthy scenario for the consumer as they would benefit from price competition- often the price of the good or service falls. Despite this potential benefit there is evidence that this is not the case and that price differentiation exists- an example being price differences within member countries in the EU. The same currency and stability associated with the monetary union encourages transnational companies to invest. This is because there would multiple countries across the zone to invest in and get returns from as they all follow the same currency and would all be under the same central control. This may help the multi-national countries achieve greater economies of scale as there would be easier trading and investment capabilities across the zone. This would lower average costs for firms and increase the relative GDP in the zone. This would increase economic growth. Therefore having the same currency enables economic growth in a country through increased business confidence as there is increased stability. The drawbacks of using the same currency are also quite evident. The main and key drawback is the ‘one size fits all’ policy. Here the monetary policy is controlled by the central bank. Countries have no ability to set the interest rates in the country. This can be disastrous in a country with low consumption or investment levels. This is because if the central bank placed high interest rates on countries within the union, consumption would be further detracted, leading to a drop in economic growth. Therefore the loss of individual control is a major factor that needs to be considered before becoming part of the same currency. There can also be a case where the central bank will set interest rates that accommodate the larger, higher productive countries in the union. This will mean the smaller countries will grow at a slower rate and potentially lead to greater inequality. The one size fits all policy may mean that the union becomes less flexible and therefore the policies can place constraints on economic growth for countries. This can cause inefficiency as the production will not be at optimum potential and will limit countries. Another huge drawback is the effective exchange rate differences would be eliminated. For example, during the economic boom of the early 2000’s, England had a very strong exchange rate compared to the other European countries. This enabled cheap imports for the country, increasing domestic consumer welfare. By switching to the euro, the imports would not have been cheaper and would have left consumers with a drop in welfare as they would not have been gaining through a stronger exchange rate. Overall the costs of switching to the same currency have its drawbacks outweighing its benefits. This is especially the case for the one size fits all policy as this is the policy that loses the country its individuality and means the country loses control of its monetary policy. How to cite The Benefits and Costs of Two or More Countries Sharing a Common Currency, Papers

Accounting theory & Current Issues Half a Defence of Positive

Question: Discuss about the Accounting theory Current Issues Half a Defence of Positive. Answer: Introduction: The article Half a Defence of PositiveAccounting Research composed by Paul V Dunmore primarily points in assessing the effect of positive approach in bookkeeping study. The present review essentially points in assessing the effect of human conduct on bookkeeping background. Also, the article speaks to general points of interest in the positive bookkeeping hypothesis, which could help in understanding the philosophy and in addition the epistemology of the research. Paul V Dunmore in his article for the most part recognizes the method of reasoning for hypothesis testing, which could be utilized as a part of distinguishing feasibleaccounting research. In any case, the article likewise stresses on Popper's fabrication criterion, which portrays that statistical testing is weaker and can't be utilized as a part of identifying the reasonable bookkeeping theories. The researcher in the research principally points in assessing the previously mentioned article where research questions, theoretical framework, limitations and importance of the article is for the most part looked into. The study successfully explores and positive bookkeeping approach, which is been delineated in the article. Summary of the Article: The general article Half a Defence of PositiveAccounting Research for the most part portrays the effect of epistemology and ontology of positive research. Furthermore, the article primarily assesses the recent practices of bookkeeping, which is not sufficient in meeting essential necessities of research program. Additionally, the article likewise shows the utilization of human conduct in furnishing foundation, which could be utilized as a part of on a very basic level building up the examination. Besides, the article likewise investigates the general various reasons for human conduct, which is available in an organization. All things considered, the article likewise assesses pertinent ontological and epistemological containing ventures, which is compelling in distinguishing the deficiency related with positive bookkeeping research. Moreover, logical research tasks are for the most part utilized as a part of the article with the assistance of hypothesis testing, which could bolster sc holarly enquiries of the research project (Coad, Jack, and Kholeif 2015). Subsequently, the article gives inside and out representations on positive research and bookkeeping. Crum, Hartkens and Hill (2014) expressed that recognizable proof of satisfactory strategy in assessing the research hypotheses could in the long run help in adding pertinent researches into to the bookkeeping section. The article additionally centres in introducing the idea of ontology and epistemology, which could portray the misrepresentation of hypothesis testing. The article expressed in its assessment of hypothesis, obviously numerous hypotheses were being misrepresented in view of 5% valuation. What's more, bookkeeping hypothesis is predominantly a protected innovation, which can't be evaluated utilizing hypothesis method. Subjective positive bookkeeping exploration is additionally said in the article, which measures certain bookkeeping marvel to take satisfactory decisions. The general limitations and shortcoming of statistical hypothesis is investigated in the article. Gold, Hunton and Gomaa (2015) specified that theory testing is just utilized as a part of determining valuation for arithmetical qualities, while any conceptual instances are not obliged by the strategy. Research Questions or Hypothesis: The article for the most part depicts diverse research questions, which is been utilized as a part of the article to accomplish feasible research result. The accompanying exploration questions have been utilized as a part of the article. How to distinguish whether bookkeeping exploration could satisfy diverse logical destinations? To distinguish how epistemology and ontology could influence the general research program? Identify how worldview can free positive bookkeeping with satisfactory theorizing and experimenting? Nonetheless, the research question addressed in the article predominantly looks at the accompanying substance. To recognize the courses in which epistemology and cosmology could influence a specific research program. To portray the degree in which positive research result could help in accomplishing the logical destinations. The article primarily delineates that whether positive bookkeeping hypothesis is more extensive idea in contrast with positive research program. Lastly, the research looks at the Kuhn's outline of the general science, which could be utilized by positive bookkeeping to accomplish its potential. Theoretical Framework: The hypothetical frameworks that are utilized as a part of this exploration for meeting its targets are quickly delineated as takes after: Cases of positive research in bookkeeping: The operation identified with adjusted self-enthusiasm among the gatherings is the after-effect of the wonders of bookkeeping through express or suggested contracts in various sorts of companies. This considers the decisions of bookkeeping decisions, which the business managers attempt, evaluating and revealing decisions that the auditors embrace, the regulators decisions for setting principles and the expert scholarly advices. In the expressions of Ball (2013), it is essential to discover the nature and sort of data embraced with respect to the financial specialists for settling on speculation choices. This signifies the conduct of the people is reasonable; be that as it may, this is not obvious for the sorts of amusements happening from the hypothesis related with constructive bookkeeping. In addition, subsequent to analyzing the different inquires about of bookkeeping, the settings of bookkeeping have been surveyed when sound conduct is absent, which is the strategy of making judgements for the examining experts. Likewise, this considers the courses through which the business chiefs practice circumspection in the execution assessment frameworks (Ball 2016). From this time forward, these illustrations mean to give confirm that the program relating to positive research is more extensive as opposed to the hypothesis of positive bookkeeping. A specific research meaning to get an outline of the nature and reasons of the marvels of bookkeeping conforms to the logical bookkeeping research. Logical ontology and epistemology: As per Beattie (2014), epistemology is a field of science that expects to portray the different methodologies accessible for acquiring knowledge of the world. In actuality, ontology expects to depict the exercises and their connection in noting the question. At to start with, the human organization and the socially made nature of parts, practices and affiliations speak to that the earth has a target continuation independent of the individuals and members and the exercises ought not to contain normal causes (Carnegie and Napier 2016). In addition, it is impractical to watch the world regardless of the encounters of the people and depictions of the members. Hence, due to these epistemological and ontological issues, the mission to get an understanding of the reasons for bookkeeping wonders is an activity, which couldn't be accomplished. The issue identified with positive research is the investigation of significance and experience, as it expects to investigate the causes. The distinctive surges of the exploration with different gatherings of goals could inhabit a similar time. Another huge issue is related with organization. This is on account of if the people have their own particular will, their moves may prompt causes, which are not consenting to the logical review. In this manner, the general patterns in conduct could be portrayed; in any case, a few inspectors and bookkeepers may act in an alternate form. The reasons for conduct couldn't be recognized in the goal world; be that as it may, the same could be led in a better place. Prerequisites of a suitable system identified with positive research: It has been recognized from the contextual investigation that thorough testing of the through models is fundamental for cautious examination of the variable estimations. Also, the scientific demonstrating is required to test and build up the hypothetical models. For the usage of scientific displaying in this research program, the field pre-occupation is expected to move from tractability to plausibility (Guthrie and Parker 2016). The researcher has suggested that higher focus on estimation is required instead of testing as it were. The fundamental purpose for this is a bias in solid distribution is evident against the bookkeeping measurement by not considering the linking of the same with the hypothesis. The lack of assets in bookkeeping is there a result of the inaccessibility of adequate assets (Penman 2016). Limitations and Significance of the Article: The recent article picks up a profound comprehension about the procedure of positive bookkeeping from a more extensive perspective of a research program that has the expectation to set up certain easygoing relationship of the practices of the human in the arrangement of bookkeeping. The exploration likewise helps with growing profound comprehension about the venture of scholarly research that comprehends the circumstances and end results relationship of the world. The study is additionally useful to comprehend the different logical research programs in financial and additionally bookkeeping that can be viewed as the procedure of positive research (Edwards 2013). The study has set up the reality with the assistance of different illustrations that the positive research program is more noteworthy and more extensive than the hypothesis of positive bookkeeping. The article has been fruitful to pick up information about various bookkeeping speculations and the way the investigation of Kuhn can be exhibited as an appropriate angle for positive bookkeeping research. Be that as it may, the essential output that comprises of measurable outcomes contains un-interpretable connecting of coefficient (Carnegie 2014). Aside from some real significance, there are some significant confinements of the procedure of positive bookkeeping research. The basis behind the testing of statistical hypothesis to the adulteration measure of Popper is weak. One of the significant limitations of the research procedure of positive bookkeeping is the advancement of different sorts of easygoing hypothetical model. Notwithstanding, a noteworthy gap can be seen between the real procedure of the study of positive bookkeeping and what are expected to bear on various types of scholarly program. Then again, the Kuhn portrayal additionally neglects to offer right perspective about the world (Parker 2013). Aside from this, the idea arrangement amongst ontology and epistemology in connection to some specific bookkeeping speculations can be considered as non-illusive. Another huge limitation of the study is that it has been fruitful to perceive the way that the progress rate of different sorts of logical tasks is moderate. Sub sequently, with the end goal of positive commitment to various types of logical undertakings, the princess of positive bookkeeping can likewise gain moderate ground, as the present advance is illusive. Along these lines, one might say that the idea of the article has not clarified the method for making positive commitment to different sorts of logical undertakings and the article has not disclosed the best approach to propel the procedure of positive bookkeeping in a speedier rate. Conclusion: From the above study, one might say that the primary target of the recent study is to assess different parts of epistemology alongside ontology in the positive research. From the research, it can be viewed as that the present bookkeeping practices does not effectively satisfy the required criteria of positive bookkeeping process. From the real findings of the study, one might say that diverse bookkeeping model derived from different scientific outcomes can't be analyzed, as they all are untraceable and deficiently created. Henceforth, from the above discussion, it can be determined that there is a solid requirement for better and compelling bookkeeping estimation techniques that can have a thorough extent of testing. Aside from this, it is required in the positive bookkeeping exploration to join estimation and it is expected to shift the concentration from the procedure of hypothesis testing, as it is not the effective procedure. Besides, the present study likewise infers that there is a solid need to build up the procedure of information documenting with the end goal of the specification of bookkeeping ideas. Generally speaking, one might say that the procedure of positive bookkeeping has an incredible essentialness. 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Crum, W.R., Hartkens, T. and Hill, D.L.G., 2014. Non-rigid image registration: theory and practice.The British Journal of Radiology. Carnegie, G., 2014. Historiography for accounting: Methodological contributions, contributors and thought patterns from 1983 to 2012.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(4), pp.715-755. Dalla Man, C., Pillonetto, G., Riz, M. and Cobelli, C., 2015. An index of parameter reproducibility accounting for estimation uncertainty: theory and case study on -cell responsivity and insulin sensitivity.American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism,308(11), pp.E971-E977. Edwards, J.R., 2013.A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Gold, A., Hunton, J.E. and Gomaa, M.I., 2015. Retraction: The Impact of Client and Auditor Gender on Auditors' Judgments.Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.743-743. Guthrie, J. and Parker, L.D., 2016. Whither the accounting profession, accountants and accounting researchers? Commentary and projections.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(1), pp.2-10. Lukka, K. and Vinnari, E., 2014. Domain theory and method theory in management accounting research.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(8), pp.1308-1338. Parker, L.D., 2013. Contemporary university strategising: the financial imperative.Financial Accountability Management,29(1), pp.1-25. Penman, S., 2016. Valuation: accounting for risk and the expected return.Abacus,52(1), pp.106-130. Power, M.K. and Gendron, Y., 2015. Qualitative research in auditing: A methodological roadmap.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(2), pp.147-165.