American Framework of Political Ideology - 1293 Words

Within the relatively narrow American framework of political ideology, which leaves little room for left-wing diversity, I would be classified somewhere between a general liberal and a libertarian. Many of my beliefs are libertarian, such as my firm conviction that drug prohibition has failed miserably and is a dangerous policy to perpetuate. However, some of my core beliefs are more socialist in nature, such as my strong conviction that Americans should not just have universal access to K-12 education, but also to higher education and health care services. One could easily say that I would be comfortable in a Northern European country, where it is possible to hold socialist and libertarian values together. American left-wing ranter extraordinare and linguist Noam Chomsky calls himself a libertarian socialist, a term I do not find entirely distasteful (Chomsky Otero, 2003. However, labels and tags never seem to work for describing the complexity of beliefs that comprise an intellige nt political ideology. Just as coloring inside the lines is anathema to the creative spirit, forcing issue beliefs into the square holes of rigid political ideology is unhealthy and damaging for the democratic process. Therefore, I will only say that I have sympathy for the ideologies that are social liberalism, libertarianism, and socialism. Libertarian socialism might seem like a strange and even contradictory ideology. It is sometimes misunderstood. DeHavilland (2003) claims that it isShow MoreRelatedU.s. Presidential Election Elections Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesof the most recent decade, there has been a significant surge in American independent voters. It is of verifiable significance to put into thought the effects of these voters, especially, since the United States (U.S.) currently undergone its eagerly awaited 2016 Presidential General Election. It is with relevance to presidential elections that we have seen a political surge on American independent voters and thus having political candidates attempt to sway their view, we have seen fundamental compellingRead MoreMachiavelli In American Politics934 Words   |  4 PagesMachiavelli In American Politics In his landmark political treatise The Prince, Italian diplomat Niccolo Machiavelli put forth a framework for ruling a people that is at once derided and deferred to even today. The highly controversial ideology calls for a firm, even ruthless form of leadership that commands respect through any means necessary. Machiavelli allows even for the use of fear, violence and evil where appropriate. But it is in defining where these tactics are appropriate that we enterRead MoreRacism Without Racists Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pagesperpetuate racial inequality. In Racism Without Racists, Bonilla-Silva describes the justification of this new nonracial racial ideology that he calls colorblind racism. Bonilla-Silva posits that this new colorblind ideology was centered on four central themes, â€Å"abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism.†(p26). These frameworks provide white America with the false notion of racial equality. The first, and most emphasized frame, abstract liberalism, is basedRead MoreLibertarian Party Vs. Liberal Politics1294 Words   |  6 PagesIn a political atmosphere where it is easy to be labeled as either conservative or liberal, this simple label is becoming more difficult. Non-traditional ideologies are now emerging into the political arena that in prior elections would have been scoffed at. This 2016 election has shown a clear rise in support for Libertarianism, Democratic Socialism, and Authoritarianism. That is why it is important to understand what these ideologies mean through definition, policy preferences and the true impactRead MoreThe Importance Of Decisions In The Government850 Words   |  4 Pa gescompact illumination of the president impact on its terms. Q3. What do political ideologies have to do with the President’s influence? Political theories in the United States insinuates the distinctive conviction frameworks and ideological economics in the United States. Locals in the U.S. all around orchestrate themselves as adherent to positions along the political range as either liberal, dynamic, direct, or direct. Current American progressivism goes for the insurance and growth of human, social andRead MoreSocial Construction Of Nature And Environmental Change1705 Words   |  7 Pagesus to utilize our course objectives to address the requirements of the assignment. The objectives include how to apply the concepts of political ecology to environmental concerns, analyze the link between social, cultural, geographic, cultural, political factors, and environmental change, as well as assess methodological approaches used for research in political ecology. In addition, this assignment will discuss how reserves and national parks have been socially constructed/produced to be protectedRead MoreThe Political Structure Of The Libertarian Party1241 Words   |  5 PagesIn a political atmosphere where it is easy to be grouped up in either conservative or liberal, it is harder to see such an easy split more and more each day. Non-traditional candidates are now emerging into the political arena that in prior elections would have been scoffed at. Whether we are talking about the unusually high polling Libertarian candidate, Gary Johnson, the Democratic Socialist Bernie Sanders or the Authoritarian Republican Nominee, Donald Trump, It is getting harder and harder toRead MoreThe Clash of Civilization (Samuel Huntington Article Review) Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam. 4. Even though the west have never been more powerful in both cultural and economic influence, non-western civilizations have been promoting indigenization. 5. It is easier to change economic and political differences then to change cultural ones, because religion makes a sharp distinction between who you are? 6. regional trade has increased among similar cultures and floundered among dissimilar ones. A classic example of this notion is how JapanRead MoreThe Supreme Court s Marbury V. Madison Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesMarbury v. Madison decision would forever alter the political framework of the United States. Resulting in the creation of judicial review—the power to determine if a piece of legislation is constitutional, that is, whether or not it infringes on the provisions of existing law —the Marbury v. Madison decision arguably made the judicial branch the most powerful division of the federal government. Today, judicial review is a fundamental part of American government, standing as a testament of the significanceRead MoreThe Importance Of The Declaration Of Independence1147 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, it is essential for a nation to create a political and moral framework that can be used and depended on. To create such a framework is no easy task, a nd building support for that framework is even more difficult. In the case of our nation, the United States declared their independence with a national document, ratifying the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, 1776 and announcing the thirteen American colonies as sovereign states. The Declaration of Independence received wide-spread

Character Development in the Oedipus Cycle - 875 Words

In the Oedipus Cycle Sophocles conveys a powerful message through his charactersÂâ€"that with experience comes wisdom, and with wisdom comes the ability to see the truth. Oedipus is the man of unyielding pride and arrogance, Creon, his brother, is the crafty politician, and Antigone, the daughter of Oedipus, is perceptive and righteous. These three characters personae play a major role in making the idea of truth tangible. In the beginning of Oedipus Rex, Oedipus is still riding on the power high he received from solving the riddle of the sphinx and becoming King of Thebes overnight. When presented with the news of the plague from the local priest, Oedipus is eager to once again flaunt his skills and save the city of Thebes. Once†¦show more content†¦When Oedipus realizes what the gods had in store for him, Creon benevolently grants him all of his wishesÂâ€"to oversee his daughters safety and to exile him from Thebes. This character is markedly different from the Cr eon in Oedipus at Colonus. In the second play of the cycle Creon comes to Oedipus, Â…generous in words, but in reality evil. Creon attempts to attain the throne by gaining Oedipus favor and he cunningly tries to manipulate the chorus emotions so that he can avoid conflict. Unfortunately, for all of Creon s cleverness, Oedipus manages to get the upper hand and Creon demonstrates the length he will go to meet his ends by kidnapping Oedipus daughters. This brutality extends into Antigone but absolute power transforms his manipulation into outright tyranny. Creon finally achieves the ultimate dream of any politician and he relishes it so much that one of the first things he does as king is to decree that no one touch the body of Polyneices. Once he realizes the error of his ways, like Oedipus, Creon is too proud and arrogant to accept the facts. He believes, Â… all that I do is within my rights, yet his irrationality and blind fury is evident when he states that both si sters should be killed and then immediately changes his decision afterwards. He still refuses to retract the death sentence from Antigone until it is too late, thus reaping the death of his family. The consequences Creon incurs enable him to comprehend that the will of theShow MoreRelated Tragedy In Drama Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesworks from Agamemnon to Hamlet, one sees the range of development of the tragic form, from the earliest Greek to the later Shakespearean tragedies. There are two basic concepts of tragedy: the concept introduced by Aristotle in his Poetics, and the concept developed by Frederick Nietzsche in his quot;The Birth of Tragedy.quot; Many dramas can be reviewed to reveal the contrast between these two concepts of tragedy, and demonstrate the development of the tragic form over time. The idea of Greek tragedyRead MoreThe Stranger in Oedipus Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesnovels and literary works alike. Albert Camus’ The Stranger depicts a modern system of justice; however, Sophocles Oedipus Rex portrays a simplistic system of justice. Society implements these to prevent the downfall of the human race. Society protects humanity from its own demise by condemning acts of violence. Acts of violence, weather brought on by anger as illustrated in Oedipus Rex or by environmental influences as demonstrated in The Stranger led to the downfall of society. Society sinceRead MoreWhy Are Things Are The Way They Are By Daniel Quinn1482 Words   |  6 PagesDaniel Quinn’s novel Ishmael discusses the aspiration the character Ishmael has toward teaching his student known as the narrator to â€Å"save the world†. Ishmael teaches the narrator to understand and form ideas, based on examining the question â€Å"why are things are the way they are†? Ishmael s teaching help the narrator and the reader explore culture and ourselves in a new light, helping the narrator and the reader understand the quote stating It should be noted that what is crucial to your survivalRead MoreOedipus the King1315 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 20, 2007 The tragedy of Oedipus Sophocles is one of the best and most well-known ancient Greek tragedians. He influenced the development of drama especially by adding a third character and thereby reducing the importance of the chorus in the presentation of the plot. Even though he wrote 123 plays, he is mostly famous for his three plays concerning Oedipus and Antigone: these are often known as the Theban plays or The Oedipus Cycle. One of these plays is â€Å"Oedipus the King†, which will be discussedRead MoreBeing Human Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesthat govern them, humans are not machines because a machine will never amount to a human mind. Machines do not have common sense. They just operate the way they were programmed to. Just like animals will always follow their own cycle of instinct, machines has to follow its cycle of programs, but only a human has the capacity to make a choice. Free will is the quality principle to humans. Again, this is not something humans are born with. The innocence that humans are born into can be seen in theRead MorePsychosexual Development and Human Sexuality1546 Words   |  7 Pagesplayers in understanding psychosexual development and human sexuality are Freud and Alfred Kinsey. To begin understanding what shapes us as people we must look at Sigmund Freuds theory of psychosexual development. Although the name would imply that this development would center around the development of our sexual selves, it is quite the opposite. The fixations occur around erogenous zones of the body. the first of these zones is the mouth. This stage of development is referred to as the oral stageRead MoreCritical Theory in Wuthering Heights1443 Words   |  6 Pagesnovels, many of these conflicts take place within one character then progress into external conflicts between characters. For example what caused Catherine to pick Edgar over Heathcliff? Did she love Edgar more? Or was her love for him forged by her superego as defined in Sigmund Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams? Even the character herself is unsure of her true desires, which leads to the major conflicts within her, others, and between characters. This is just one of the numerous examples of issuesRead M ore Yank as a Modern Day Oedipus in O Neills Play, The Hairy Ape2274 Words   |  10 PagesYank as a Modern Day Oedipus in O Neills Play, The Hairy Ape The representation of tragedy today has adapted itself to more humanistic, base and symbolic concerns. Often, they are commentaries on society just as much as they are on the nature of man. Although O Neill insists that his play The Hairy Ape is not a tragedy, but rather a dark comedy, the play follows the definition of a tragedy. The basic points that make up a tragedy still remain the same, even if they have to be slightly modifiedRead MoreCyrano As A Tragic Hero1163 Words   |  5 Pagesflaws that help to define Cyrano as a tragic hero in Edmond Rostand’s Cyrano de Bergerac, and it is these same flaws that eventually lead to Cyrano’s tragic fall. However, some of these flaws are also the admirable traits of the large-nosed hero’s character that also help to define him as hero. Due to this fact, Cyrano is able to gain respect from others, but never truly reaches his ultimate goal of having Roxane’s love. While Cyrano never truly experiences Roxaneâ⠂¬â„¢s love, he still manages to makeRead MoreFreud s Theories Of Human Sexual Development Essay1961 Words   |  8 PagesHuman sexual development begins in the womb and traverses the entire life span. From fetal hormonal influences that determine expressed sex to nascent sexual discovery in toddlers, dramatic physical changes during puberty, and sexual partners in adulthood, sexuality follows us throughout every major developmental stage in life (some developmental stages even being defined by sexual changes, e.g. menarche, spermarche, and menopause). With sexuality being such an integral part of the human experience

Musics Affects on Teens Essay Example For Students

Musics Affects on Teens Essay In this study, the purpose of the music can be described on how it affects people and no matter how they fight it, they will end up singing the particular song that catch their attention until the end of the day in which the teenagers call as last song syndrome. Background of the Study and Problem Statement According to a psychiatrist Edward Paddocks, music or its sounds travels to the ears. The nerves of the ears distributed the sound and have more extensive connections making the human body function based on what he/she Just heard (Matt, 2006). Since music has a power to touch the inner-self of the people, as much as influencing their moods or behaviors, what would be the effect of the rock music on the generation of the teenagers? Moreover, the negative effects of it are the main topic for this study. Research Objectives The objectives of the study come in three parts. First is to understand the rock music in the view of the teenagers and how they idealized the rock musicians. Second is to identify the possible negative effects of the rock music on teenagers. And lastly, to establish a well-ground of facts on what is the role of music, not only for teenager but on the entire society. Research Questions The study presented several questions that can help the study in learning the Ruth about the rock music. Through this system, the researcher can estimate the adequate answer which is also suitable to the main problem. 1 . What drives a person to write rock music or involved himself in listening to rock music? 2. What are the different views of the family/parents, singers/songwriters/musicians, and the psychologists on rock music? . What are the impacts created by this genre in changing the face of music industry? Literature Review In the exploration of the past studies, it is said that rock music has an equal heartsickness of drugs, alcohol, and role-playing games of witchcrafts, voodoos, and Dungeons and Dragons. This might be the reason why other clinical experts argued that music can cause violent behavior, changing of attitudes, and une xplainable feeling of depression, happiness, or energetic. Furthermore, music can stimuli the sexual behavior of a person which is based on the rhythm and pornographic images or music videos (Matt, 2006; Chevy, 2007). The irregular beat of the music can control the rhythm of the persons movements such as breathing and walking. This Music Affects on Teens By crystalline 996 the person, making the person sick, or lift up its spirit. Listening to whatever kind of music has been part of the teenagers daily activities, especially with the technologies or gadgets that are handy (Huh, 2001). Apparently, the world-wide influence of the music can be seen on the teenagers. There are evidences that show the negative effect on the ability of the student to think and learn if the student is under the spell of rock music. Students who were found engaged in rock music and peer has a less ointment on their education (Huh, 2001; Matt, 2006). This might be the truth behind the words of Jim Hendrix of 1969, who was considered as the rocks greatest genius, where he finds that through his music he can hypnotize the people and reach their weakest point (Matt, 2006). Rock music has been the necessity for the development of the youth in their search for personal and social identity and this event shows the higher response in the freedom of their choice (Hut, 2001; Chevy, 2007). Methodology The empirical method applied in the study is the use of the interviews. The participants are not asked to reveal their identity because it doesnt play essential role in this activity and the results are clearly based on their opinions. However, the research managed to set the demographic requirements on the participants such as the age, gender, and type of music they are into. .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c , .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c .postImageUrl , .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c , .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c:hover , .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c:visited , .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c:active { border:0!important; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c:active , .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubbf5ff4cbe2583e95a747eab96637e5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music and Critical Thinking Questions EssayAnalysis Based on the interviews, most of the participants have less appreciated the rock music. While the other participants who loves the rock music are either wearing the style of their idols or making their own fashion statement for rock music. On the there hand, it is very obvious that the teenagers are pleased to hear the rock music with a combination of gothic preferences or the dark-Goth-rock music or the rock kind of music that involves intense beats which goes in the term of punk-rock music. There are also identified as MEMO or Emotionally Motivated music as a style of rock music that is have more expressive, confessional, and melodramatic lyrics and sounds. Conclusion Music everywhere and it seems like the body moves according to its rhythm and beat and can condition the human mind. As a powerful, it can be also dangerous cause there is a continuous investigation about the relation of the MEMO music in many of the suicidal attempts of the teenagers.

Whiteness an Example by

Whiteness Whiteness refers to the specific racial identity, and in the context of European countries and America to the related privileges as well. Speaking broadly, white identity is the persons internal perception of their external features and traits, more precisely of physical whiteness and the norms and beliefs imposed by the group with the same physical characteristic. White privilege, in this sense, plays and important role in both national and global contexts, in the first meaning because whiteness is a prevailing characteristic, so that those who possess it belong to racial majority; in the latter context because of the social and political history of white population, which had dominated over the world for thousands years. Need essay sample on "Whiteness" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Cultural diversity has today become one of the most prominent sociocultural directions in the United States (Murray, 1991), because of the two tendencies in the contemporary social policy. First of all, multiculturalism was recognized as one of the most important sociopolitical course of Americas development, in addition, immigration regime has become much more lenient over the last two decades, so that the inflow of the members of other nations is increasing from year to year. On the other hand, multicultural or liberal notions of difference are also, at one and the same time, fuel for a rhetoric of dislike or even hate. One always can read a narrative of differentiation either way, depending upon ones largest political and social sensibilities. And unless one can imagine a world composed of nothing but liberal sensibilities, the result of this virulent whiteness and coloredness continues (Murray, 1991, p. 59). This means, already existing in the United States white identity affects non-white immigrants, especially South Asian Americans. S.Mazumdar in the article about South Asians in the America provides an in-depth analysis of the conceptual, mythological and philosophical background of whiteness and connects the outburst of racism and discrimination against non-white population with the development of the so-called neo-Darwinism (Mazumdar, 1989) that explained the survival of the fittest from societal position: due to the fact that American and European empires were the strongest and the most influential, white race was viewed as superior. Later in the 19th century, the theory of Aryan race came into being and reinforced the previous notions of white privilege, as the contemporary scholars assumed that white (Aryan) people actually, who originated from South Asia, were actually an entity that should have been viewed as separate from indigenous population due to tremendously differing physical characteristics. The scholar also states that because of the white absolutism, South Asians in the United States are often confused with other racial minorities, more importantly, react to such comparisons emotionally, due to the ancient Aryan myth that makes them feel colonized people, who still can assimilate into the white population. Furthermore, due to the caste system the regulates social life in India, South Asian Americans need to distinguish themselves from the other racial minorities: In this process of seeking to reiterate caste and religious identity, which is packaged as preserving cultural identity, the immigrants find it necessary to distinguish themselves from all other ethnic groups. Since their skin color automatically sets them apart from the white majority, efforts are focused on differntating themselves from other minorities (Majumdar, 1989, p.51). With regard to the fact that South Asian Americans as well as the objects of their material culture (Hindu temples) are often attacked by vandals and racists, the members of this ethnic minority group often begin to neglect or forget their racial identity in favor of the so-called mainstreaming that includes American cultural and social activities, Am erican customs and, more profoundly, prejudiced approach to other minority groups in attempt to gain a feeling of involvement into the use of white privilege. Shah and Kukke in the article Reflections on Queer South Asian Progressive Activism in the U.S. (2000) analyze the so-called queer movement South Asians participate in. Basically, such organizations are designed for gay South Asian men, as this culture is known for its traditionalism in sexual identity and its intolerance to divergent sexual orientations. More precisely, such individuals need to learn to manifest their sexuality in the ways, which would be both convenient for themselves and socially approved. Moreover, the scholars state that due to numerous obstructions to adequate self-perception (in terms of racial, gender and class identities) in the United States, such South Asian Americans need to more reflective discussion of their sexual orientations, as they belong to two minority groups at the same time ethnic and sexual. The authors also draw the major differences between queer and progressive South Asian Americans, as the latter group is notable ignorant to the needs of sexual minorities, belonging to this ethnic group, whereas add queers and stir approach, utilized by SASA organizers backfired tremendously because of the outright hostility exhibited by the participants (Shah and Kukke, 2000, p.135). Progressive South Asian Americans seek to combat political, social and institutional discrimination against their group, yet they have unconsciously prejudiced approach to sexual minority group that exists within their own. This means, there exists certain extrapolation of discrimination: being discriminated by the white population, South Asian Americans use this pattern of biased attitude when dealing with South Asian homosexuals. Nevertheless, the authors offer rather positive than negative prognosis for the cooperation between the two groups, as the concept of progress should not be limited to purely social context, but rather extended to the ideas of equality in terms of gender and sexuality. Haney-Lopez in his overview of Thinds court case describes the status of South Asian Americans before World War II. The plaintiff required naturalization as a free white (he was identified as Caucasian, a person of Aryan background), but the Court didnt satisfy his petition, referring to the time-honored social perceptions of race. As the author states, After Thind, the naturalization of Asian Indians became legally impossible: Asian Indians were, by law, no longer white persons. Even worse, many Asian Indians, like Thind himself , lost the citizenship they believed secure. In the wake of Thind, the federal government began a campaign to strip naturalized Asian Indians of their citizenship (Haney-Lopez, p. 91). This means, South Asian Americans always sought to approach to legal whiteness (through naturalization), as it provided a number of social opportunities (career, housing and so forth), but they had been long deprived of these facilities (up to the end of the 1960s), although t he strong fixation on the need to acquire whiteness has survived up to the present day. To sum up, South Asian Americans encountered a number of troubles when developing both external (social and behavioral) and internal (self-perception, gender and sexuality) white identities, as they needed to struggle with the unquestionable white privilege, imposed through American bureaucracies and court system. At the present day, they still face the manifestations of racism and are increasingly more eager to assimilate into the white majority. Works cited Haney-Lopez, I. The Prerequisite Cases, pp. 49-53; 79-109. Kukke, S. and Shah, S. Reflections on Queer South Asian Progressive Activism in the U.S. Amerasia Journal, 25 (3) , 1999/2000: pp. 129-137 Mazumdar, S. Racist response to Racism: The Aryan Myth and South Asians in the United States. South Asia Bulletin, 9 (1), 1989: pp. 47-55 Murray, D. Forked Tongues: Speech, Writing and Representation in North American Indian texts. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1991.

Describe the roles performed by a modern Police Service in t essays

Describe the roles performed by a modern Police Service in t essays This assignment intends to examine the current structure of the Police Service operating in England and Wales, paying particular attention to the various roles of a modern Police Force within the wider criminal Justice System. Firstly, the assignment will look at how the Police Force has evolved and where the origins of the Service lie, and look also at how the roles and function of the Police Service have altered over the past three decades, finally summarising the positive and negative aspects of the current structure and role in comparison to the service provided at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The first Metropolitan Police Force was formed at the beginning of the nineteenth century, under the Conservative Government serving at the time. Sir Robert Peel, the then Home Secretary oversaw the imposition of the Metropolitan Force. There has been vast historical comment suggesting various different schools of thought as to why the Metropolitan Force was established at the time it was, and one such Whig Historian, Reith, argued that the idea of a Metropolitan Police Force was borne in order to control the increase of [the] menace of crime ( Reith, in Controlling Crime. 2002. pp 13). Reith discusses the formation of this Metropolitan Force as a solution to crime and disorder that he considered to be a growing problem during the 1820s. Reith argued that the Government initiative to create a Metropolitan Police Force in the countrys capital was a means of controlling the army of homeless children...who lived by stealing and begging, and as way of stopping the constant menace o f mob disorder, which Reith saw as a threat to the dignity of Parliament ( Reith, in Controlling Crime. 2002. pp 13). As an alternative explanation as to why the Metropolitan Police Force was formed, fellow Whig Historian, Storch comments on the idea of a Police Force as a greater tool ...

Determining the Costs of College

Determining the Costs of College How much does college cost? This question is tricky because it depends on the college you will be attending, as well as when you will be attending. Here are some important factors to consider. Private vs. Public The tuition at private colleges is more than double the tuition of a public college. According to the College Board, the cost of a years tuition in 2018-2019, plus room and board, averaged $36,890 for private colleges and $26,290 for public colleges. Inflation It doesnt matter is you will be attending a private or public university, the cost of tuition goes up every year. Many financial experts estimate that the cost of college will increase at approximately 6% each year over the next 10 years. Financial Aid Just thinking about the rising costs of college tuition is enough to make your head spin. Before worrying that you will never be able to afford a years worth of college tuition, let alone four years, consider these two words: financial aid. Financial aid is available to those who need it. And, the good news is that there is a lot of it. Grants, scholarships, student loans, and work-study programs, will help to cover the cost of college. All you have to do is educate yourself in regards to how aid works and how you can get it.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 48

Essay Example The risks and benefits, the rights and wrongs, or the pros and cons of genetically modified food and science are global concerns in both public and private arenas (Adolphs, Hamilton and Nerlich, 58). In today’s technological world however, GM crops and products play an important role in driving modernization and as such they are here to stay; as long as focus is not placed on future technological advancement instead of today’s risks and disadvantages, and if research, assessment, controls and policies are adequately and stringently evidenced then the benefits, will eventually negate the risks. Martin Teitel, in his article entitled ‘Unsafe at any Seed?’ argues against GM food claiming the argument that GM foods are better for the environment, farmers and consumers â€Å"should be taken with a grain of salt† (1). He further purports that this new technology has grown too quickly with insufficient testing, has entered supermarket shelves too soon, and necessitates further research and an objective commission to verify and validate the safety of such foods prior to entering the market. This paper will argue in agreement of Teitel’s paper in some respects but will not concur with others. Although Teitel has put forward some pertinent points that are significant if biotechnology is to continue and develop, his argument falls short in that he fails to consider the debate from two perspectives – that of the opponent and that of the advocate of GM foods – and has remained steadfast on the side of opponents at the risk of sounding dogmatic and ill informed. The situation is not as black and white as Teitel paints it; within the developed world scientists are at odds in their convictions on measurement of risk, both for health and the environment. Many are convinced that assessments are not necessary or are too harsh, while

Assignment on Lung Cancer Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Lung Cancer - Assignment Example These research findings are very important since they negate the long-held perception that nicotine is fundamentally the cause of lung cancer. The specialty of these research works is that they have separately found the effect of years of smoking and that if genetic variants on an individual’s risk of getting lung cancer. Knowledge of the results obtained from these studies may be utilized in the development of more effective drugs and treatment options for the smokers. â€Å"We are all impatient for drugs that can cure cancer no matter when and where we find it† (Phelps, 2012). Findings of the research done by the team in Iceland also found that have specific gene variants even increases the addiction for nicotine in some smokers, which increases their susceptibility to getting lung cancer. ... â€Å"It is imperative that government agencies, the research and funding community, health systems and insurers, community leaders, schools and families all take steps now to cut tobacco’s rural roots [since more rural than urban population falls prey to it]† (â€Å"Cutting Tobacco’s Roots†). For those who continue taking the risk, drugs blocking nicotine might prove useful as nicotine is what triggers their chances of acquiring lung cancer. Nicotine in cigarettes increases the susceptibility of smokers with predisposition to lungs cancer to risk of this disease. I hate smoking and I have objective reasons for doing so. I totally agree with (Park) when she says, â€Å"we already know the best way to prevent [lung cancer] - by not smoking in the first place† (Park). Nothing comparable to that†¦ We were 8 family members in total including my mother, my father, my sister Lisa, my sister Mary, my eldest brother George, second to him was Martin, th en I, and in the last my brother Red. I have lost my mother and both sisters at the ages that are not very suitable and a bit too early considering the average age of death for women in our country. When my mother died, she was 52 years old. My sister Mary died and 40 whereas Lisa died at the age of 36 years. She was not even married and was heading towards her marriage. On the other hand, my father, George, Martin, I, and Red are aged 70, 56, 52, 49, and 45 respectively, and we are all not only alive but also in perfect health. One thing that was common among my sisters and mother was that they were smokers and surprisingly, one thing that is common among my father, George, Martin, I, and Red is that none of us smokes. My mother, my sisters, my father, my brothers and I all have been living

Determination of Ksp of Copper(II) Iodate by E.M.F. Measurement Essay Example for Free

Determination of Ksp of Copper(II) Iodate by E.M.F. Measurement Essay Introduction: Copper(II) iodate(V) ionizes weakly in water: Cu(IO3)2 + aq Cu2+(aq) + 2IO3-(aq) For a saturated solution of copper(II) iodate(V), concentration of IO3- ions doubles that of the Cu2+ (aq) ions, and Ksp of Cu(IO3)2(s) can be calculated by determining the concentration of Cu2+(aq) ion of a saturated Cu(IO3)2(aq). The e.m.f. of a galvanic cell consisting of a Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq) half-cell and another half-cell containing a copper strip in contact with a saturated solution of Cu(IO3)2(aq) is measured by a commercial DMM. Concentration of Cu2+(aq) is determined with reference to the EO values of the Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq) and the Cu(s)/Cu2+(aq) couples as well as the Nernst equation for a metal/metal ion half-cell: where n is the number of electrons transferred in the reduction process. ? Zn Zn2+ + 2e- Cu2+ + 2e- Cu ? n=2 For the Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq) half-cell, = -0.76V For the Cu(s)/Cu2+(aq) half-cell, Ecell = ER EL = {(+0.34) + 0.0295 log [Cu2+(aq)]} {(-0.76)} = (1.10) + 0.0295 log [Cu2+(aq)] When the voltage of the cell system is measured, the concentration of Cu2+ can be determined by the above equation. Therefore, the solubility product can be calculated by the above principle. Purposes: To determine the solubility product of copper(II) iodate(V) at room temperature and pressure by e.m.f. measurement. Apparatus and Reagents Used: Apparatus used: Well-plate; Plastic pipettes; Copper wire electrode; Zinc plate electrode; Digital multimeter (DMM); Connecting wires with crocodile clips; Filter paper strip, and Sand paper à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 Reagents used: 1M ZnSO4(aq); 0.3M KIO3(aq); 0.15M CuSO4(aq), and Saturated KNO3(aq) Chemical Reactions Involved: The equation of dissolution of copper(II) iodate(V): Cu(IO3)2(s) + aq Cu2+(aq) + 2IO3-(aq) The equation of redox reaction between Zn and Cu2+: Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s)Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Procedures: 1. 50 drops of 1M ZnSO4(aq) were placed into a well of the well-plate; 2. 25 drops of 0.3M KIO3(aq) were placed into an empty well next to the well containing the 1M ZnSO4(aq), by using a clean Jumbo pipette; 3. The plastic pipette used in step(2) was cleaned. By using the same plastic pipette, 25 drops of 0.15M CuSO4(aq) were added and stirred well with a micro-stirrer or toothpick. 5 minutes were waited to attain equilibrium; 4. The two wells were connected by a strip of filter paper moistened with saturated KNO3(aq); 5. A clean homemade copper wire electrode and a clean zinc plate electrode were placed into the well containing the pale blue suspension and the well containing the 1M ZnSO4(aq) respectively; 6. The prepared galvanic cell was connected to a DMM. The steady voltage developed was recorded. Observations: When the galvanic cell completed in step(5) was connected to the DMM, a steady voltage was developed. Data and results: Temperature of the aqueous solution = 26? E.m.f. of the cell formed by Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq, 1M) and Cu(s)/Cu(aq, saturated) = 0.997V Discussions: 1. The expression of the Ksp of copper(II) iodate(V) = [Cu2+(aq)]eqm [IO3-]2eqm 2. By the equation evaluated in the introduction, Ecell = (1.10) + 0.0295 log [Cu2+(aq)] = 0.997V 0.0295 log[Cu2+(aq)] = -0.103 log[Cu2+(aq)] = -3.492 ? [Cu2+(aq)]eqm = 3.225 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-3 moldm-3 Concentration of Cu2+(aq) in the saturated pale blue suspension = 3.225 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-3 moldm-3 3. By the equation of dissolution of copper(II) iodate(V), Cu(IO3)2(s) + aq Cu2+(aq) + 2IO3-(aq) [Cu2+(aq)] : [IO3-(aq)] = 1 : 2 ?[IO3-(aq)]eqm = 2 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3.225 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-3 = 6.450 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-3 moldm-3 Concentration of IO3-(aq) in the saturated pale blue suspension = 6.450 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-3 moldm-3 4. The value for Ksp of Cu(IO3)2 = [Cu2+(aq)]eqm [IO3-]2eqm = (3.225 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-3) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (6.450 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-3)2 = 1.34 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-10 mol3dm-9 5. From the data of the Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, the literature value of Ksp of Cu(IO3)2 is 6.94 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-8 mol3dm-9 [1]. Obviously, the literature value was much larger than the experimental value. The discrepancy came from several reasons: 1 The experimental temperature was 26?, which was different from the expected room temperature 25?. As temperature is the main factor of Ksp, the discrepancy of Ksp was caused by the difference of temperature; 2 The low quality of copper and zinc electrode may affected the e.m.f. taken from the DMM, so the Ksp result was also affected; 3 The concentration of solutions prepared may be different with the expected value. The e.m.f. given out may not equal to the theoretical values, so the Ksp obtained may be different. Conclusion: By the e.m.f. method, the solubility product of copper(II) iodate(V) at room temperature and pressure was determined. Ksp for = 1.34 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10-10 mol3dm-9 Reference: [1] : Solubility Product Constants, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split http://www.ktf-split.hr/periodni/en/abc/kpt.html

Never Lose Hope :: essays research papers

Never Lose Hope William Blake, born on November 28, 1757, in London is one of the greatest English poets. His work is studied today all over the world. One of Blake’s poems, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, shows many signs of immortality. In this poem, immortality can only be reached by maintaining hope in a hopeless world and embracing happiness. An example of this is line 20: â€Å"He’d have God for his father, and never want joy†. Immortality is something people have chased for years and have never been able to capture. In Webster’s dictionary, immortality is stated as, â€Å"Not mortal, deathless, living or lasting forever.† In â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, Blake saw immortality in a different sense than Webster states. Blake saw immortality as happiness throughout life and the importance of hope.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Chimney Sweeper† is a great title for Blake’s poem. The title is a symbol representing the harsh life of a chimney sweeper and his life as a child. He states, â€Å"When my mother died I was very young, and my father sold me while yet my tongue†, (ln 1-2). This is saying that his mother died when he was young and his father gave him up. Blake’s unhappiness resembles being mortal in a sense that his unhappiness is like being dead. Blake has two meanings when he says, â€Å"So your chimney’s I sweep, and in soot I sleep†, (ln 4). This line denotes that he is an adult now with the responsibility of being a chimney sweeper. Blake is really saying that his childhood was terrible like the work of a chimney sweeper. Now Blake introduces a new character into the poem, which is Tom Dacre (ln 5). In the second stanza, Blake is stating the mortality, or unhappiness of Tom. The author’s tone changes for a moment in stanza two when he says â€Å"Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your head’s bare, the soot cannot spoil your white hair†, (ln 7-8). The author has two meanings in these lines. The obvious is that he can’t have hair for the fact that his hair would be full of soot. The tone change comes in where the meaning is not so obvious. The tone up to line six is mournful. Lines seven and eight also have a mournful tone in the obvious state. They connote that Tom needs to keep his head up and not let his job get to him, or simply to keep hope alive.

Lives of the Saints Essay

Summary: Chapter 1 In the opening of the chapter, the main character Vittorio describes the story that the book is written about. It has a beginning that occurred on a hot July day in the year 1960 in Vittorio’s home town of Valle de Sole, when his mother, Christina got bit by a snake. Vittorio describes his city as to have no holy places, ancient cites or ruins; forgotten and unsung, just like hundreds of villages spread throughout Italy. Vittorio describes how his father immigrated to America almost four years ago when Vittorio was barely three years old. His grandfather was left crippled from the war when a horse crushed his foot and he was injured by a grenade. That day, his mother slipped out of the house making him promise that he would read his school books. Vittorio’s attendance at school was not very regular because he would spend much of class time wondering to the top of Colle di Papa or down the river with his friend Fabrizio and sharing cigarettes that Fabrizio had stole from his father. Vittorio was sitting on his porch reading math books when he dose off. He was awakened by a muffled shout coming from the stable. Vittorio ran to the stable and stopped short at the bottom of the steps and peeked through the crack in the door. Inside he saw a green snake which slipped through the cracks of the stable and into the tomato garden. While Vittorio was watching the snake, the barn door opened, and a man with blue eyes swooped out of the stable. After Vittorio went inside the stable, he saw his mother pouring water into the pigs’ trough as though nothing has happened. Vittorio tells his mother that he heard a man screm and when she asked him what he saw, Vittorio replied that he didnt see anything. He then told her that she has blood on her ankle. In the conclusion of the chapter, Christina tells Vittorio to run up to Di Lucci’s and tell him to bring a car because she had been bitten by a snake.

Pelabur’s Pizza Mini Case †Capital Structure Decision

a) Repurchase of stock=RM15x100000shares=RM1500000 Equity after repurchase of stock=repurchase of stock-amount borrowed Scenario |Amount borrowed(RM) |Equity after repurchase of stock(RM) | |1 |0 |1500000-0=1500000 | |2 |187500 |1500000-187500=1312500 | |3 |375000 |1125000 | |4 |562500 |937500 | |5 |750000 |750000 | |6 |937500 |562500 | |7 |1125000 |375000 | b) Weight of equity=(equity after repurchase of stock/repurchase of stock) x100% Weight of debt + weight of equity=100% |Scenario |Weight of debt(%) |Weight of equity(%) | |1 |100-100=0 |1500000/1500000 x100%=100. | |2 |100-87. 5=12. 5 |1312500/1500000 x100%=87. 5 | |3 |25. 0 |75. 0 | |4 |37. 5 |62. 5 | |5 |50. 0 |50. 0 | |6 |62. 5 |37. 5 | |7 |75. 0 |25. | c) After-tax cost of debt=pre-tax cost of debt x (1-T) =(prime rate + risk premium)x(1-T) |Scenario |Prime rate(%) |Risk premium(%) |Tax(%) |After-tax cost of debt(%) | |1 |5 |2. 0 |40 |(5%+2%)x(1-0. 4)=4. 2 | |2 |5 |2. 0 |40 |(5%+2%)x(1-0. 4)=4. 2 | |3 |5 |2. 5 |40 |4. | |4 |5 |3. 5 |40 |5. 1 | |5 |5 |5. 0 |40 |6. 0 | |6 |5 |7. 0 |40 |7. 2 | |7 |5 |10. 0 |40 |9. 0 | d) CAPM=Krf+(RPm)? , Krf=4% , RPm=8% |Scenario |Subjective beta, ? CAPM(%) | |1 |2. 0 |4%+8%(2. 0)=20. 0 | |2 |2. 1 |4%+8%(2. 1)=20. 8 | |3 |2. 3 |22. 4 | |4 |2. 5 |24. 0 | |5 |2. 9 |27. 2 | |6 |3. 3 |30. 4 | |7 |3. 7 |33. | e) WACC=WdKd+WsKs |Scenario |Wd(%) |Ws(%) |Kd(%) |Ks(%) |WACC(%) | |1 |0 |100. 0 |4. 2 |20. 0 |0(0. 042)+1(0. 2)=20. 00 | |2 |12. 5 |87. 5 |4. 2 |20. 8 |0. 125(0. 042)+0. 875(0. 208)=18. 73 | |3 |25. 0 |75. 0 |4. 5 |22. 4 |17. 93 | |4 |37. 5 |62. 5 |5. 1 |24. |16. 91 | |5 |50. 0 |50. 0 |6. 0 |27. 2 |16. 60 | |6 |62. 5 |37. 5 |7. 2 |30. 4 |15. 90 | |7 |75. 0 |25. 0 |9. 0 |33. 6 |15. 15 | f) Shares repurchased=amount borrowed/repurchased stock price per share Remaining shares outstanding=shares outstanding (old)-shares repurchased Scenario |Shares outstanding |Shares repurchased |Remaining shares outstanding | |1 |100000 |RM0/RM15=0 |100000-0=100000 | |2 |100000 |RM187500/RM15=12500 |100000-12500=87500 | |3 |100000 |25000 |75000 | |4 |100000 |37500 |62500 | |5 |100000 |50000 |50000 | |6 |100000 |62500 |37500 | |7 |100000 |75000 |25000 | g) Total asset=Earning(net income)/WACC otal equity=total assets-total liabilities Interest expense=amount borrowed x interest rate(prime rate + risk premium) |Scenario |1 | |1 |300000/100000=3. 00 | |2 |292125/87500=3. 34 | |3 |3. 78 | |4 |4. 34 | |5 |5. 0 | |6 |6. 20 | |7 |7. 95 | h) There are two main types of financing for a business which are debt or equity financing. Debt financing is describe as the type of financing we receive from a traditional bank loan and equity financing is describes as the financing we receive from venture capital into our business from outside investors.Therefore, the benefit of debt financing is refer to it’s limited in amount and we will pay down the debt over time to a zero sum balance without any further obligation to the lender and the down stroke to debt fin ancing is to define that traditional lenders will take a hard look at our business including how long it has been in existence, income from operation, expenses and it will require hard assets for collateral for the loan. Moreover, those lenders will most certainly want us to personally guarantee for the repayments of the loan. Another disadvantage of debt financing is that our organization will be burdened with some other type of regular payment which is usually a monthly payment which depending on the terms and conditions of the financing and this can absorbs critical cash flow, especially those individual or partners with small business.Besides that, the benefit of equity financing or venture capital is that we will be also receiving money in exchange for equity in our business in the form of stock or some other form of equity like percentage of income or gross net sales. A fundamental benefit of this type of the equity financing is to define there is no monthly payment requiremen t to investors. Instead, we are giving up ownership interest, most often, permanently. Furthermore, the traditional lenders, banks for example, will look at our business much slightly different than venture capitalist. Bankers want a zero-risk or near-zero risk position when they provide financing and will rely almost completely on the operating economics of the business with little regard for potential future growth.Thus, they want to see strong cash flow backed up by hard assets before they do a deal with the ingredients that most small business lack or they wouldn’t be seeking for financing. Eventually, the venture capitalist is on the other hand which they tend to consider the management team and the potential future growth of the business more heavily than actual operating numbers, especially for those with small business with large potential but few sales and little or no operating history. Although these two types of lender is vary in their approaching to analyzing a b usiness for funding, we can also be sure that careful examination of our business will be conducted.

Every AP Calculus AB Practice Test Available Free and Official

Every AP Calculus AB Practice Test Available Free and Official SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the best ways to prepare for the AP Calculus AB exam, as well as stay on top of lessons in class throughout the year, is to take regular practice tests.Taking practice tests lets you estimate how well you’ll do on the AP exam, shows you the areas you need to focus your studies on, and helps you become more comfortable with the format of the AP exam. There are a ton of ABCalc practice tests available, however; not all of them are created equally. Taking a poorly written practice test can give you a false idea of what the real AP exam will be like and cause you to study the wrong things. You can avoid those problems by reading this guide to AP Calculus AB practice tests. I’ll go through every AP Calculus AB practice exam that’s available, tell you which are highest quality, and explain how you should use practice tests when preparing for the AP exam as well as throughout the year. Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Official AP Calculus AB Practice Tests Official practice exams (those developed by the College Board) are always the best to use because you can be sure they’ll be an accurate representation of the real AP exam. There are three types of official practice resources, and each is explained below. Complete Practice Tests The College Board has released two complete exams from prior administrations of the AP Calculus AB exam. The tests are from 1988 and 1998. The 1988 test has an answer key included; however, for some reason, the 1998 exam does not. The College Board provided answers for the free-response questions in a separate document, but there is no official answer key available for the 1998 exam's multiple-choice section. The answer key linked below is unofficial, but no one has publicly disagreed with any of the answers, so it’s highly likely that it’s correct. 1988 AP Calculus AB Released Exam 1998 AP Calculus AB Released Exam Answer Key for 1998 Multiple-Choice Questions Answer Key for 1998 Free-Response Questions Because these exams are from a while back, they both have some format differences compared to the current AP Calculus AB exam. The AP Calculus AB exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long and has two sections. Both of these sections are divided into two parts.For reference, here’s the current format of the exam: Multiple-Choice Section 45 questions total 1 hour 45 minutes total Worth 50% of your total score Part A: 30 questions 55 minutes long No calculator allowed Part B: 15 questions 50 minutes long Calculator permitted Free-Response Section Six questions total 1 hour 30 minutes total Worth 50% of your total score Part A: Two questions 30 minutes long Calculator permitted Part B: Four questions 60 minutes long No calculator allowed You can only use a calculator for certain sections of the AP exam. Both released exams have the same total number of multiple-choice and free-response questions as the current exam. However, the 1998 test does not have separate parts for the free-response section, and students were allowed to use a calculator to answer all six questions. Neither the multiple-choice nor the free-response sections ofthe 1988 exam were separated into different parts, and students were allowed to use their calculator for the entire exam. The multiple-choice section was also only 90 minutes long, instead of 105 minutes. When you take these exams for practice, it’s not worth the time and effort needed to try and figure out which questions you wouldn’t be allowed to solve with a calculator today. Instead, take the tests with the calculator and timing rules that were in place when the tests were administered. These variations between current and past exams do mean that these two complete released exams don’t give quite as accurate a representation of the current AP exam as the complete released exams for other AP subjects do. However, they are still very useful because they cover the same content and are worded the same way as the current exam. Towards the end of this guide I’ll explain exactly how to use these resources and others. AP Calculus AB Multiple-Choice Sample Questions The College Board often reuses multiple-choice questions for multiple exams, so there are typically few official multiple-choice problems available for any AP exam, AP Calculus AB included. Besides the complete practice tests discussedabove, thereare no full official multiple-choice sections available, but you can check out these official sample questions for Calculus AB. (The questions start on page 5, and there are Calculus BC questions listed after the AB questions; be sure you’re not accidentally looking at those.)This document contains 16 multiple-choice problems, along with answers and the major skills each question tests. There are also two free-response questions. AP Calculus ABFree-Response Sample Questions Fortunately, there are more official free-response questions available and, since they are recent, they provide you with a very accurate idea of what to expect on the real exam. The College Board has released free-response questions from 2002-2017, along with scoring guidelines for each set of questions. These are a great resource, and you should definitely make use of them during your review. Khan Academy Resources Khan Academy has recently partnered with the College Board to provide study resources for the PSAT, SAT, and some AP exams. This includes study resources for AB Calc. On Khan Academy’s website, there are explanation videos for several dozen previously administered questions, both multiple choice and free response. These videos can be particularly helpful if you’ve gotten stuck on one of the official practice problems or if you just want to learn step-by-step how to solve a particular problem. Unofficial AP Calculus AB Practice Tests and Quizzes While not developed by the College Board, unofficial practice resources can still be very useful for your studying, particularly because there are so many resources available. For each resource listed below, I explain what is offered as well as how you should make use of the resource. They are roughly listed from highest quality to lowest quality. Barron’s Barron’s has a complete and free practice test that you can take in timed or untimed mode. The multiple-choice section will be automatically scored, and there are answer explanations for the free-response section so you can self-score. This is a high-quality practice exam with questions that have a similar format and cover the same topics as the real AP exam. You’ll definitely want to use it in your review (more on how to do that in the next section). Shmoop Shmoop is the only resource listed in this guide that requires a fee to access any of its resources. Paying its fee of $24.68 a month gets you access to a diagnostic exam, as well as eight complete practice tests and additional practice questions. It also gets to access to Shmoop’s study materials for other AP exams, as well as the SAT and ACT. Varsity Tutors Varsity Tutors has a collection of three diagnostic tests and 139 short practice quizzes, organized by topic, such as the chain rule and finding the second derivative of a function. Difficulty levels are also given for each of the quizzes. The diagnostic tests are 40-45 questions long (all multiple-choice). They pretty closely represent what questions from the actual AP exam are like, and, as a bonus, the score results show you how well you did in each topic area so you can focus your future studying on the areas you need the most work in. However, these diagnostic tests don’t have calculator and no calculator sections. Albert This site organizes quizzes into the three Big Ideas of Calculus AB, as well as more specific tags you can select (you don’t need to worry about the Series quizzes, that’s just for BC Calc). After creating a free account you can access their hundreds of practice questions (some of the more challenging questions require a paid account). Questions are ranked as easy, moderate, or difficult, they are not timed, and you see the correct answer (plus a detailed explanation) after you answer each question. GetaFive GetaFive offers 182 Calculus AB practice questions, along with 54 review lessons. This is more of an online review course rather than just practice questions, so the questions themselves are spread across the lessons, but if you’re looking for more in-depth explanations of topics, you may find it useful to watch the videos and then answer the accompanying questions. 4Tests This site has a 50-question multiple-choice test. The questions typically easier and more basic than those you’d find on the actual AP exam, but if you’re just starting your review or want to brush up on the basics, this can be a good resource to use. Free Test Online This site has four short quizzes, each 5-8 questions long, along with answer explanations. Two quizzes are multiple-choice, and two are free-response. The free-response questions are much shorter than what you’d encounter on the real AP exam, but you can treat them like slightly more involved multiple-choice questions. The quizzes aren’t long enough for an in-depth practice session, but, unlike many of the other practice materials linked here, they also separate the quizzes on whether or not you’re allowed a calculator. Analyze Math This is a 20-question multiple-choice quiz. The questions are a bit overly simplistic, and it’s not automatically graded, but if you’re just looking for a quick study session, this fits the bill. SparkNotes This is a short quiz, and, unfortunately, it’s not very high-quality. The questions are pretty basic and not nearly as complex or as in-depth as the ones you’ll find on the AP exam. Additionally, the format of this quiz is very poor, and it can be difficult to read. I wouldn’t recommend using this quiz unless you’re really desperate for review questions or you need a very basic quiz to get you started with your review. Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. How to Use These AP Calculus AB Practice Tests Knowing how to use each of these practice exams and quizzes will make your studying much more effective, as well as prepare you for what the real AP Calculus AB exam will involve. Below is a guide for when and how to use the resources, organized by semester. First Semester During your first semester of Calc AB, you don’t know enough material for it to be useful to take a complete practice exam. Therefore, you should spend this semester answering quizzes and free-response questions on topics you’ve already covered. You’ll probably want to begin answering practice questions about halfway through the semester. Free-Response Practice For free-response questions, use the official released free-response questions in the Official Resources section. Look through them to find questions you can answer based on what you’ve already learned. It’s best if you can take a group of them (up to six) together at a time in order to get the most realistic preparation for the real AP exam. It also helps to time yourself when answering these questions, particularly as it gets later in the year. On the real AP exam, you’ll have about 15 minutes to answer each free-response question, so try to answer practice questions under those same time restrictions. Multiple-Choice Practice For multiple-choice practice, take unofficial quizzes that letyou choose the subject(s) you want to be tested on. This will allow you to review content you’ve already learned and not have to answer questions on material you haven’t covered yet. The best resources for this are Albert and Varsity Tutorsbecause their quizzes are clearly broken up by specific subject. Sometimes the numbers can get overwhelming. Don't forget to take a break every now and then. Second Semester Second semester is when you can begin to take complete practice exams and continuing to review content you’ve learned throughout the year. Step 1: Take and Score Your First Complete Practice Exam Early on in this semester, when you have covered a majority of the content you need to know for the AP exam, take your first complete practice exam. This test should be taken in one sitting and with official timing rules (see how the AP test is formatted above). For this first practice test, I recommend using the Barron’s exam and saving the official practice exams for down the line. After you take this practice test, correct the exam and see what score you earned on the test. This is a good time to set a score goal if you haven’t already. The minimum score you should be aiming for is a 3, since this is the lowest passing score. However, if you scored a 3 or higher on this first practice exam, it’s a good idea to set your goal score even higher, to a 4 or 5. Getting a higher score on the AP Calculus AB exam looks more impressive to colleges, and it can sometimes get you more college credit. Step 2: Analyze Your Score Results After you’ve figured out your score, look over each problem you answered incorrectly and try to figure out why you got the question wrong. As you’re doing this, look for patterns in your results. Are you finding that you got a lot of questions on antiderivatives wrong? Did you do well on multiple choice but struggled with free response? Did you get slowed down by questions you couldn’t use a calculator to answer? Figuring out which problems you got wrong and why is the best way to stop repeating your mistakes and begin to make significant improvements. Don’t be tempted to skip this step! Step 3: Focus Your Studying on Weak Areas You should now have a good idea of what subject areas or skillsyou need to work on in order to raise your score.If there are specific content areas you need to work on, review them by going over your notes, reading a review book, and answering multiple-choice and free-response questions that focus specifically on those topics. If you’re struggling with your test-taking techniques, for example, running out of time on the exam or misreading questions, the best way to combat these issues is to answer a lot of practice questions under realistic testing conditions. Take timed quizzes or time yourself for quizzes that aren’t automatically timed. (On the real exam, you’ll get about two minutes for multiple-choice questions you can’t use a calculator to solve, a little more than three minutes for multiple-choice questions where you can use a calculator, and 15 minutes per free-response question.) Taking multiple practice quizzes and tests will help you become more familiar with the pacing needed for the AP exam. Step 4: Take and Score Another Practice Exam After you’ve identified your weak areas and spent time to improve them, it’s time to see how all your hard work paid off. Take and score another complete practice exam, timed and taken in one sitting. I’d recommend using either an official released practice exam or, if you want more recently-created questions, creating your own practice test by combining a set of unofficial multiple-choice questions (such as the Varsity Tutors or 4Testsexam) with a set of official free-response questions. If you choose the second option, you should have a total of 45 multiple-choice questions for the first part of the exam. As with the first test, this should be taken timed and in one sitting. When you take this second practice exam, remember that it won’t be formatted exactly the same way as the real AP test, wherethe multiple-choice and free-response sections will both be broken into two parts,only one of which you can use a calculator on. Step 5: Review Your Results to Determine Your Future Study Plan Now you’re able to see how much you’ve improved, and in which areas, since you took your first complete practice exam.If you’ve made improvements and have reached or are close to your target score, you may only need to do some light studying from now until the AP exam. However, if you haven’t made much improvement, or you’re still far from your score goal, you’ll need to analyze the way you’ve been reviewing and think of ways to improve. The most common reason for not improving is not actively studying, butonly passively leafing through your notes or reviewing missed questions. Even though it may seem to take a while, in the long run, carefully analyzing why you made the mistakes you did and devising ways to improve is really the only significant way to raiseyour score. As you’re studying, be sure to really understand exactly where you made a mistake for every practice question you answer incorrectly. Also, when you’re reviewing notes, pause every few minutes and mentally go over what you just learned to make sure you’re really retaining the information. You can repeat these steps as many times as you need to in order to make improvements and reach your target score. Studying WithAP Calculus AB Practice Exams: Key Tips It would be difficult to score well on the AP Calculus AB exam without completing anypractice exams.Official resources are the best to use, but there are plenty of high-quality unofficial quizzes and tests out there as well. During yourfirst semester, you should focus on answering free-response and multiple-choice questions on topics you’ve already covered in class. During your second semester, follow these steps: Take and score your first complete practice exam Analyze your score results Focus your studying on weak areas Take and score another complete practice exam Review your results to determine your future study plan What's Next? Now that you have your practice tests, do you want to know more about the AP Calculus AB Exam? Our guide explains the complete format of the test, the question types you'll see, and how to best prepare for the exam. (coming soon) How many AP classes should you take?Get your answer based on your interests and your college goals. Wondering how challenging other AP classes will be? Learn what the easiest AP classesareand what the hardest AP classes are so that you're prepared! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Study of Human Behavior 10 Facts That Will Make You Fall in Love with the Course

Study of Human Behavior 10 Facts That Will Make You Fall in Love with the Course Study of Human Behavior: 10 Facts That Will Make You Fall in Love with the Course Even the words â€Å"human behavior† make you yawn. But, it just sounds so dry and boring. Actually, you’re wrong. The study of human behavior is truly fascinating. The way we behave is unpredictable, weird, and sometimes wonderful. Here are 10 fun facts that will make you hungry to learn more. High levels of testosterone have been linked to pleasure in the expression of anger towards others. We all know that testosterone can make us more aggressive, but now the reason is clear. The expression of anger gives some of us pleasure similar to what we feel when having sex. After you die, your brain remains alive for 7 minutes replaying all the memories from your life. So it turns out that you really do â€Å"see your life flash before your eyes† when dying. Spooky, isn’t it? Studies have confirmed that publicly stating a goal to others makes it less likely that you will succeed. The added pressure of the expectations of others causes you to lose your motivation. So next New Year’s, try writing your resolutions down privately instead of posting them publicly on social media and see what a difference it makes. It has been found that people with low self-esteem are more likely to engage in acts to purposely humiliate others. It turns out Mom was right all along. Bullies really do just feel bad about themselves. When a person lies, he or she has a tendency to look to the left or upwards. Anywhere but directly in the eyes of the person they’re talking to! The last person you are thinking about before you fall asleep is either a root cause of happiness or pain in your life. Perhaps this also explains why they so frequently show up in your dreams at night, too. When we have negative opinions about others, we really believe that these opinions are true and unbiased. That teacher is just incompetent and everyone knows it. The fact that he gave you a failing grade on your last paper has nothing to do with it. Intelligent women are more likely to remain single. It turns out that women with a higher IQ usually prefer being alone to being with the wrong people. So, if you’re a girl who has been single for a long time, it could just mean that you’re smarter than an average one. When listening to boring speeches, we are constantly rewriting them in our minds to make them more interesting. It’s our own inner defense mechanism to help keep us focused when a lecturer drones on and on. And most of the time, we don’t even realize that we’re doing it. Physical sensations directly affect our behavior. For example, if an object feels physically heavy, we associate it with a feeling of seriousness. And it has been shown that contact with nature helps us cope with the stress better. Want to learn more intriguing facts about human behavior? There are plenty of them, and we guarantee that as you continue studying them, you will be endlessly fascinated and hungry to learn even more.

Windber Medical Center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Windber Medical Center - Essay Example Adherence to staff hierarchy and unquestioned physician authority were the norm. However, with the demise of the coal industry, Windber Medical Center lost its key clientele, influence and revenue dipped. To make matters worse Congress enacted the Balanced Budget Amendment Act that changed how reimbursements would be made to small, nonteaching and non-rural hospitals such as Windber. This meant that Windber would have to find a way to be more competitive in order to attract more patients, government funding and funding from other third parties. Diagnosis: What problems was Windber Medical Center facing? According to the report from Ernst and Young, Windber was not making enough money and it faced an imminent demise in five years’ time because of the changes in insurance reimbursements, changes in government reimbursements and heightened competition due to increased penetration of managed care products in the market. Furthermore, Windber was located in an area where the populat ion was migrating out of thus reducing the size of its market. However, the root cause of Windber’s problems was that it operated in an archaic system that saw patients as â€Å"disruptions† rather than as customers.... The new president charged with implementing the change made appointments to meet with each employee and members of the medical staff individually. This assessment method was effective because it enabled the president to understand the organization’s culture fully as well as its influence on each employee. A similar tactic with the medical staff was not successful, however out of its failure the president learnt about the hidden, informal power structure. He learnt that there were sixteen physicians who were the nucleus of power among the medical staff. Out of this assessment it was also noted that senior managers who believed in the power of physicians sided with them on every decision. Design: What is the desired state or goal? The ultimate aim of the change effort at Windber Medical Center was to make patient-centered care the organization’s premier priority. To support this goal the organization also committed to providing a loving, nurturing environment to patients and their families as well as to addressing all patient and patient family issues quickly and efficiently. Implementation: What interventions were employed to reach this goal? Four techniques were adopted by management to advance the change effort: training, rewards, dismissals, feedback sessions and media communications. Trainings were done through: (1) peer-to-peer where four employees from different departments were trained offsite and brought back to train their peers; (2) hiring of a management consultant; (3) taking head of departments on tours to learn new models of care; and (4) annual refresher courses. Rewards were given to employees caught caring and this motivated others to do the same. After three years nearly 10 percent of the workforce

Learning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Learning and Development - Essay Example This report has recommended a multi-tiered and large-scale structural change to the Mumbai, India call centre. The first stage of the change involves the implementation of a training program. The next stage implements employee and customer evaluation practices that establish employee raises, as well as employees who can assume supervisory positions. While statistical models are greatly implemented during this phase, the next evaluative phase implements qualitative research methods to identify individuals for career counseling practices. These individuals will receive career counseling and then be given the option to receive higher levels education and then an upper level management or executive position with Acorn’s operations in the United Kingdom. Finally, the report has demonstrated that human resources contribute to both competitive advantage and business strategy. Introduction Organizational culture and behavior spans a wide array of elements and concerns. One witnesses a great many elements related to organizational concerns in the Acorn call centre that was recently opened in Mumbai, India. Opened in 2003 the Acorn India call centre is an off-shoot of the company’s main United Kingdom operations. While some cultural elements were considered in establishing this centre, including voice and accent training and cultural awareness, it is clear that there is a degree of dissonance between practice and perception. What has emerged is an organization that is experiencing high turnaround and an organizational culture that feels they are not a part of the main United Kingdom operations. Some of the most prominent theories have considered the nature of organizations as conforming to trends and values within the specific institutional environment Leong (1993, p. 42). Referred to an institutional theory this perspective offers an overarching perspective on organizational culture Leong (1993, p. 42). In terms of establishing organizational culture itâ⠂¬â„¢s recognized that such elements are established both within the employee community as well as in the structure the management and executives establish Leong (1993, p. 42). Within the context of Acorn institutional challenges have emerged as the company structure in the United Kingdom has not applied readily to its Mumbia, India operations. This research advances with the overarching contextual recognition that because of this organizational culture major changes needed to be implemented in relation to learning and development and career management. Specific considerations are given to the organization’s training programs, demographics, and in-built career advancement practices. Analysis Learning and Training While career elements constitute perhaps the greatest focus for needed organizational change at Acorn, more foundationally staff training constitutes a major area of concern. Just as Acorn has failed to establish a career management program the organization has also fallen short in establishing adequate training mechanisms. One of the central thorough-puts of this analysis then is the recognition that before Acorn has the necessary corporate infrastructure to implement the career system that will satisfy their employees at the Mumbai call centre it must first establish a

Examine and assess the role of the government in managing the UK Essay

Examine and assess the role of the government in managing the UK economy - Essay Example government in determining long-term success of the country. The economy of U.K. has faced several financial crunches since World War II. It is claimed by some researchers that financial crisis during 2008 in U.K. and other Western nations was caused primarily due to deregulation of financial markets, that had significantly gained speed in these nations 1980 onwards (Trading Economics, 2014). The policy deregulation had drastically lowered control of the government authorities over financial markets of respective economies. Lower state control in the monetary financial market generated certain market exuberances. The real estate sector investments in these economies were made for speculative purposes, which finally generated the property price bubble. Several banks collapsed due to failure of unproductive investment projects, thereby resulting in the recession in 2008; this was because aggregate money supply in the economy had fallen in these nations. During the recession, as aggregate supply of money in U.K. had fallen, degree of productivity in the economy had declined. Lower level of production of several goods and services had greatly increased the level of unemployment in the country. It can be observed from the above graph that the extent of inflation in U.K. had astonishingly increased during the recession in 2008. This was due to expansionary, monetary as well as fiscal policies adopted by regulating authorities of the country at that point of time (Hirsch, 2008). The authorities had implemented these polices for stimulating the depressed market of U.K. In order to maintain welfare of the European economy during recession, its government authorities had adopted expansionary fiscal policies by increasing expenditure in the economy and lowering tax rates so as to enhance employment and output level of the country. Figure 4 in the Appendix shows the way in which fiscal policies attempt to revive an economy from the state of

Assessing The Background Of Koolhaas Cultural Studies Essay

Assessing The Background Of Koolhaas Cultural Studies Essay After the devastating fire bombs of the Germans strategy during the early stages of World War II, Rotterdams centre was destroyed, together with many other older buildings of the city. The restoration of the Rotterdams centre presented a great challenge to architects of building a city from the start. Rotterdam was then a post World War II empty canvas which gave birth to some of the upcoming architects of the time. One of them was Rem Koolhaas, who four years after the destruction had the chance to design one of the cultural museums in the centre of Rotterdam. Kunsthal museum was built as a way to encourage tourism in Rotterdams cultural capital. The Kunsthal museum was design and built as a way to draw global attention for the architecture of the building in order to put Rotterdam on the European Cultural stage. Rem Koolhaas is a Dutch architect that was born in Rotterdam in 1944. He started his career as a writer and he worked as a journalist for the Haagse Post and as a film screenplay writer. In 1968 he moved to London to study Architecture at the Architectural Association School. By 1972 a scholarship, that he was awarded with gave him the oppotunity to stay in the United States where he started his analysis of the impact of the metropolitan culture on architecture. He wrote Delirious New York, which was published in 1978 and he described it as a retroactive manifesto for Manhattan.( eneshi reference?) At that time Rem Koolhaas returned to Europe in order to step forward from theory to practice and in 1975 he founded OMA (Office of Metropolitan Architecture) in London with Elia and Zoe Zenghelis and Madelon Vriesendorp. In the first 10 years OMAs designs were theoretical; they were only captured on paper but never build. The intentions of OMA were to define new types of relationships between architecture and contemporary cultural situation, both in theory and in practice. OMAs projects like the Educatorium in Utrecht, the Seattle Public Library and the Kunsthal Museum are undoubtedly revealing those objectives. Rem Koolhaas was mainly influenced by the early modernism of Destijl and the Russian Constructivists and his attempt was to reinvent the variety of the modern movement before the establishment of the Rationalist canon. In the 1980s he turned towards more realistic projects like housing programmes, some of them being a residential building project in Rotterdam (1980 1982) and public housing in Amsterdam (1983). By 1987 Rem Koolhaas had the commission to design the Kunsthal museum in Rotterdam, Netherlands which was the first large project by OMA to be built. Kunsthal Museum is located in Rotterdam, Netherlands and lies between the citys Museum Park and the busy highway Maasboulevard creating a division to the site which Koolhaas used to shape architectural design accordingly. The building contains three large exhibition halls (3300 square meters) on three different levels that can be used jointly or independently, two gallery spaces, a design gallery and a photo-gallery, a large auditorium, a bookshop, a VIP room and an independently accessible restaurant cafe. The museum is not only an exhibition building but also acts as a traffic intersection as well. The south facade of the building faces the main artery of the city, a busy highway which is built on top of a dyke and is connected through the building with the north side where the museum park takes place. In the perimeter of the museum park there are located 4 other museums among them the Netherlands Architecture Institute and the Museum Boijmans van Beuningen. Rem Koolhaas is using the surrounding features of the site to contrasts the two sides of the building, the quiet, green park and the busy and noisy highway, and uses Kunsthal museum as a bridge that connects the urban and the natural landscapes. The main idea behind the buildings design was that of a square crossed by two routes. One of those routes is a public pedestrian ramp linking the north and south sides of the museum and a road, parallel to the highway, running east west. Those routes would divide the square into four autonomous parts that would be joined by an axis of movement. The challenge for Rem Koolhaas and his partners was to design a museum- building as four different, autonomous projects, a feature that is used before in the Seattle City Library (2004) where Koolhaas designed the building as several different parts connected by a spiral route. From that challenge the concept of the building was a continuous circuit through the spaces. The concept idea was achieved by the use of ramps running through the interior, connecting the different levels and divides the functional areas. The ramps are connecting the interior spaces on different levels but at the same time the floor slopes and ramps are traversing the structure as the several parts of the building are piled on top of each other. Circulation is an important element of Rem Koolhaas architecture and as he stated: The movement changes the architecture.  [1]   Appendix: 1 Sections of the building showing the floor slopes created by the ramps. One of the ramps that divides the structure is the public, pedestrian ramp that runs from the highway level of the north facade to the access road at the lower level of the museum park. A glass wall separates the public path from the interior exhibition space that creates a connection between interior exterior spaces. Another passage through the Kunsthal Museum is an access road that runs Appendix: 2 Exterior public ramp glass wall beneath the building. A second; interior ramp runs parallel but reversed and crosses the pedestrian ramp. The entrance of the museum is defined when the two ramps meet. The interior ramp at the entrance of the building leads to the ground level into the Exhibition Hall One that faces out to the museum park. Rem Koolhaas used tree columns scattered on the interior to refer to the exterior view. At the end of Hall one a ramp leads to Hall two that faces out towards the urban landscape. Through Hall two a path leads either back to the entrance or leads up a different ramp to a roof garden but halfway up the visitor faces Hall three. This complex spatial circulation creates a unique experience through spaces with the use of different contemporary lighting systems and materials for each of the paths, ramps and spaces through the museum. Koolhaas is also using this technique in order to divide the private and public areas but also to create a unique relationship between interior and exterior. Appendix: 3 Lighting systems through spaces Appendix: 4 Roof Lighting systems Circulation is the main idea behind Kunsthal museum and as Rem Koolhaas stated for the MOMA expansion project: It is evident that circulation is what makes or breaks public architecture.   [2]   In the Kunsthal museum ramps are used as connectors but also are used to move the viewer from one space (gallery) to the next in order to experience the journey between spaces. Rem Koolhaas attempt to contain in Kunsthal, but also in some other projects, a complex spiral shape movement within a square which refers back to Wrights Guggenheim Museum with the circular circulation, the unbuilt endless museum project by Le Corbusier and the pinwheel plan of early villas by Mies Van Der Rohe. Rem Koolhaas has used the spiral circulation within a rectangular volume in several projects like the 1989 design for the French National Library in Paris. Many of Kunsthal design elements were used in the famous Seattle city library 10 years later, like the use of ramped spiral circulation, diverting public routes through the building, translucency and transparency. In order to create a contrast between interior and exterior spaces but also private and public areas, Rem Koolhaas used a various collection of contrasting materials, cheap and expensive, elegant and banal. The use of inexpensive, everyday materials is another element of Rem Koolhaas architecture that is contained in Kunsthal Museum. The architect stated that: Architecture is always the encounter of vision and circumstance. The Dutch dont believe in spending a lot of money on buildings so theres no choice but to build with really cheap materials.  [3]   He created a collage of materials, with Miesian aesthetics, on the exterior of the building which reflects the Mies Van der Rohes National Gallery in Berlin but in a deconstructed adaptation marked with contemporary elements and a contrast of fine marble and glass with raw materials. For Kunsthal museum Koolhaas used a collection of different materials like steel, glass, stone cladding, concrete, translucent corrugated iron sheets and plywood. This differentiation of materials had as a result the fragmentation of the facades and each side of the building is completely different. The architect used heavy, solid materials where the interior spaces had to be kept private and the use of glass gave a feeling of openness and a link between exterior-interior. With the use of glass he also achieved to open the exterior facades in order to show to the public the interior spaces without giving a clear image of whats really happening behind the walls. Appendix: 5 East Facade of the museum Appendix: 6 North West Facades of the museum The complexity and uniqueness of the building but also the detailing that Rem Koolhaas added to the Kunsthal museum is revealed not only through the exterior and interior architectural details but also through the structure of the building. Kunsthal museum, unlike most of the buildings, especially that time, embraces many options that create a varied spatial experience that make the concept and the building itself, stronger. The design of the structure for Kunsthal reveals the relationship between architectural intent, rationality and structure. Many elements were embedded in the structural system in order to create a unique structural system in each area of the building. There is a distortion of the structural grid and it is visible in the interior, in each hall the columns were placed diagonal in plan. Appendix: 7 Architectural and structural plans of the museum. In Hall one there are two rows of columns slipping past each other but in Hall two there is a complete free span space. The Auditorium has also a different structural system with slanted columns and the pedestrians ramps- path is being designed as a double cantilever with columns running across, diagonal in plan. The irrational structural system that is used in Kunsthal museum is exposed on the exterior of the museum at the main entrance, leaving a taste of what is to come on the interior for visitors. Next to the entrance there are four different columns very closed to each, one H column, one reinforced concrete column, one castellated and one cylindrical column. The unique structural systems used in the Kunsthal, the cheap exposed materials, the fragmentation of the facades by different materials, the use of a complex circulation, the extensive detailing throughout the building but also some functional problems that came to the surface after the opening of the museum in 1992, set Kunsthal as the pace for a lot of criticism about Rem Koolhaas and his architecture. Rem Koolhaas stated at one of his interviews for his book S.M.L.XL that: I was also interested in showing the implications of failure showing both the calculations and the miscalculations of projects.  [4]  Kunsthal museum is a great example of many architectural elements that Koolhaas wrote about and used at many of his later projects, but some failures was found in some of the detailing of the building after the opening in 1992. Problems associated with the building were indicated by many of its visitors. Some of the comments made by the visitors stated that the entrance of the building was not exactly obvious so later on a lighting arrow indicating the door was placed outside the entrance. Other problems associated to the building were some of the narrow corridors and metal grid flooring used in one of the exhibition halls that caused several drawbacks to the function of the building and created a lot of criticism for the architecture of the museum. Appendix: 8 Entrance of the museum Conclusion Alli mia paragraph g tin simantikotita p ennan to conclusion se 2 Perhaps its because Koolhaas is not wedded to any one style that he finds McArchitecture easy to digest. Unlike the work of Peter Eisenman or Gehry, a Koolhaas building isnt easily identifiable. In some ways I consider that a compliment, says Koolhaas. You work in so many conditions that it would be artificial and unreal if your work did not become very different too. Bibliography: Balmond, C. (2007) Informal, Prestel Publishing. Baumeister,R. Lee,S.(2007)The Domestic and the Foreign in Architecture, Rotterdam, 010 Publishers. Egeraat, E. Jodidio,P. Richters, C.(2005) 10 years, realized work, Australia, The images Publising Group. Graafland, A. Graafland, A.(2000) The socius of architecture: Amsterdam, Tokyo, New York. Rotterdam, 010 Publishers. Groenendijk, P. Vollaard, P. (2004) Guide to Contemporary Architecture in the Netherlands, Rotterdam, Uitgeverij 010 Publishers. Koolhaas, R. Mau, B. (1995) S.M.L.XL, New York, Monacelli Press. Koolhaas, R. (1996) Rem Koolhaas : Conversations with Students, New York, Princeton Architectural Press. Koolhaas, R.( 1994) Delirious New York: A retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan, New York, Monacelli Press. Naredi-Rainer, P. Hilger, O. (2004) Museum buildings: a design manual, Switzerland, Publishers for architecture. Storrie, C.(2006) The Delirious Museum: A Journey from the Louvre to Las Vegas, New York, I.B. Tauris Co Ltd. Waldheim, C.(2006)The landscape urbanism reader,New York, Princeton Architectural Press. http://architectuul.com/architect/rem-koolhaas http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Ge-La/Koolhaas-Rem.html http://www.ribajournal.com/blog/comments/rotterdam_kunsthal/ Appendixes:

Causes of the American Revolution Essay -- American War for Independen

The American Revolution was a dramatic change in the political, social, and economic system of New England. It was not a bloody revolution; on the contrary it is unique because it was not as violence as other revolutions we know (French, Russia and China). The American Revolution had many causes. Long-term social, economic, and political changes in the colonies before 1750 provided the basis for an independent nation with representative political institutions. More immediately, the French and Indian War (1754-1763) changed the relationship between the colonies and the Mother land. Finally, a decade of conflicts between the British government and the colonists that began with the Stamp Act in 1765, led to the outbreak of war in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence the 4th of July of 1776. There are both precipitating and underline causes for the revolution. The precipitating causes are the dramatic change in the circumstances like the end of the Seven-Year War (1754-1763) against the French and Indians. From this day this two groups were not a threat anymore. However, the colonists had to pay for the war England had fought and almost immediately the Parliament started levying taxes over the colonies. The colonists perceived a dramatic treat to their liberties coming from the English monarchy, a perceived for uncheck power. They agreed to pay taxes if they had a representation in the Parliament. The underline cause of the revolution was the increasing demand of in...